Debate is contention in argument; dispute, controversy;
discussion; esp. the discussion of questions of public interest in
Parliament or in any assembly.[1]
Debating is carried out in many assemblies of various types to discuss
matters and to make resolutions about action to be taken, often by a
vote. Deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies,
and meetings of all sorts engage in debates. In particular, in
parliamentary democracies a legislature debates and decides on new laws.
Formal debates between candidates for elected office, such as the
leaders debates and the U.S. presidential election debates, are
sometimes held in democracies. Debating is also carried out for
educational and recreational purposes, usually associated with
educational establishments. The major goal of the study of debate as a
method or art is to develop the ability to debate rationally from either
position with equal ease. Debate is a method of interactive and
representational argument. Debate is a broader form of argument than
deductive reasoning, which only examines whether a conclusion is a
consequence of premisses, and factual argument, which only examines what
is or isn't the case, or rhetoric which is a technique of persuasion.
Though logical consistency, factual accuracy and some degree of
emotional appeal to the audience are important elements of the art of
persuasion, in debating, one side often prevails over the other side by
presenting a superior "context" and/or framework of the issue, which is
far more subtle and strategic. The outcome of a debate depends upon
consensus or some formal way of reaching a resolution, rather than the
objective facts as such. In a formal debating contest, there are rules
for participants to discuss and decide on differences, within a
framework defining how they will interact. Informal debate is a common
occurrence, the quality and depth of a debate improves with knowledge
and skill of its participants as debaters. The outcome of a contest may
be decided by audience vote, by judges, or by some combination of the
two.
Debates are sometime organized for purely competitive purposes.
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